The Panchanga
Besides the interpretation of the Grahas, Rashis and Bhavas, there is an almost entirely separate category of information that can be used for characterizing the person. These datas are traditionally referred to as Panchanga (“Five limbs”), and consists of the following:
Varana/Vaar ——– week day Nakshtra —- lunar constellation Tithi ———– lunar day Karana —– half lunar day Yago ——- Combination of Deposition of the sun and moon.Each of these are measurements of time, and closely related to the ancient Indian calendar. Besides measuring time, each element also has a quality, which can be used for the chart interpretation. A complete overview is given in the Panchanga Details report.
Tithi
From new Moon to the next new Moon, the month is divided in 30 tithis. The first 15 form the waxing phase of the Moon, called Shukla Paksha. The 15 tithis from full Moon to new Moon are called Krishna Paksha. The tithi that ends in the exact moment of Full Moon, is called Purnima (“full”). The tithi that ends in the exact conjunction of Sun and Moon is called Amavasya. The 14 tithis after Amavasya are simply called by their number (in Sanskrit), and so are the 14 tithis following Purnima. The two sets are kept apart by adding Shukla or Krishna to their name.
The Hindu Tithis are devided into five types:
1. Nanda Tithi – bestows happiness and joy
2. Bhadra Tithi – good stating new work
3. Jaya Tithi – good for winning over enemies
4. Rikta Tithi – not good for any important work, so it is avoided
5. Poorna Tithi – very good to complete all jobs
Shukla Paksha : 15 Tithis starting from New Moon to Full Moon ( Poornima) constitue the Shukla Paksha.
Krishna Paksha: The 15 Tithis starting from the Full Moon to New Moon ( Amavasya) form the Krishna paksha.
Tithis are known by the following Hindu Names:
Day Tith Nmae Type
1 Pratipada Nanda
2 Dvitiya Bhadra
3 Tritiya Jaya
4 Chaturthi Rikta
5 Panchami Poorna
6 Shashthi Nanda
7 Saptmi Bhadra
8 Ashtami Jaya
9 Navami Rikta
10 Dashmi Poorna
11 Ekadashi Nanda
12 Dwadashi Bhadra
13 Tryodashi Jaya
14 Chaturdashi Rikta
15 Poornima / Poorna
Amavasya
Varana
Each weekday has a planetary ruler, which in itself is the characteristic element. In other words, people born on Sunday have qualities as indicated by the Sun, people born on Tuesdays have qualities of the Moon, etc. Note that the astrological notion of a day is from Sunrise to Sunrise. The order of the weekdays itself is based on the rulers of the horas. There are 24 horas in a day, and their rulers follow from the slowest to the fastest Graha (Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon). Every day starts with a particular hora at sunrise, and ends with the 24th hora from that. The next day will start with whatever is the next Graha in order. For example, a Sunday would always start with the Hora of the Sun at Sunrise, and end with the 24th hora ruled by Mercury (count yourself: 1.Su, 2.Ve, 3.Me, 4. Mo, 5.Sa,…24.Me). The weekday following Sunday would therefore start with the 25th Hora, the one after Mercury’s, which is the Moon’s. The fact that the 25th Hora after the Sun’s is the Moon’s, is the reason that Mondays follows Sunday. The 25th Hora after the Moon’s is Mars’, so Tuesday is the next day.
Day – Lord
Sunday – Sun
Monday – Moon
Tuesday – Mars
Wednesday – Mercury
Thursday – Jupiter
Friday – Venus
Saturday – Saturn
Nakshatra
The Nakshatra the Moon is in will give the results as described in the section on Nakshatras.There are 28 Nakshatras considered in Vedic Astrology But mostly used only 27 Nakshtras . Each one of them has thirteen degree and twenty minutes of the zodiac. Nakshatra can be known with help of degrees of Moon in a particular sign at the time of birth.The Nakshatras influence the quality of the Rashi in which they are positioned. The sequence of the 28 Nakshatras begins with Ashwini Nakshatra in Mesha Rashi. Each Nakshatra has a planetary lord that reside a particular period on that rashi and its called dasha period, dasha period devided into two types like Vimsottary dasha and Astottary dasha .
Nakshatras Lord Years
1. Aswini 10. Magha 19. Moola —–> Ketu 7
2. Bharani 11. Poorvaphalguni 20. Poorvashadha Venus 20
3. Krittika 12. Uttaraphalguni 21. Uttarashadha Sun 6
4. Rohini 13. Hasta 22. Sravana Moon 10
5. Mrigasira 14. Chitra 23. Dhanista Mars 7
6. Ardra 15. Swati 24 . Satabhisha Rahu 18
7. Punarvasu 16. Visakha 25. Poorvabhadra Jupiter 16
8. Pushyami 17. Anuradha 26. Uttarabhadra Saturn 19
9. Aslesha 18. Jyeshta 27. Revati Mercury 17 28. Abhijit
Nakshtra also indicate Yoni, Gan and Nadi of an individual.
Yoni:
There are 14 Yonis (animal symbols) in Vedic astrology assigned to nakshtras :
Nakshatras Yoni
Aswini, Satabhisha Horse
Swati, Hasta Buffalo
Dhanista, Poorvabhadra Lion
Bharani, Revati Elephant
Krittika, Pushyami Sheep
Poorvashadha, Sravana Monkey
Uttarashadha (Abhijit) Mongoose
Rohini, Mrigasira Serpent
Anuradha, Jyeshta Deer
Ardra, Moola Dog
Punarvasu, Aslesha Cat
Magha, Purvaphalguni Rat
Chitra, Visakha Tiger
Uttaraphalguni, Uttarabhadra Cow
Gana:
There are 3 Ganas
1. Deva: Divine
2. Manuj: Human
3. Rakshas: Demon
Nakshatras assigned to the Ganas:
Nakshatras Gan
Aswini, Mrigasira, Punarvasu, Pushyami,
Hasta, Swati, Anuradha, Sravana, Revati —- Deva
Bharani, Rohini, Ardra, Poorvaphalguni, Uttaraphalguni, Poorvashadha, Uttarashadha, Poorvabhadra, Uttarabhadra —– Manuj
Krittika, Aslesha, Magha, Chitra, Visakha,
Jyeshta, Moola, Dhanista, Satabhisha —- Rakshas
Nadi:
There are 3 Nadis
1. Adi: Vata
2. Madhya: Pitta
3. Antya: Kapha (or Shleshma)
Nakshatras assigned to the Nadis:
Nakshatras Nadi
Aswini, Ardra, Punarvasu, Uttaraphalguni,
Hasta, Jyeshta, Moola, Satabhisha, Poorvabhadra — Adi (Vata)
Bharani, Mrigasira, Pushyami, Poorvaphalguni,
Chitra, Anuradha, Poorvashadha, Dhanista,
Uttarabhadra — Madhya (Pitta)
Krittika, Rohini, Aslesha, Magha, Swati,
Visakha, Uttarashadha, Sravana, Revati — Antya (Kapha)
Karana
One lunar month has 30 Tithis. Each Tithi is divided in two equal halves, called Karanas. Therefore, one lunar month has 60 karanas in total. There are only 11 different Karanas though, which repeat to span the full cycle of 60 karanas. There are 11 karnas in total. Four of them occur just once a month and are called the Fixed Karanas: Kintughna, Chatushpada, Sakuni and Naga. The first karana on the day of new Moon is Kimstughna, followed by 8 cycles of Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitula, Garaje, Vanija, Visthi. The last 3 karanas are Shakuni, Chatushpat and Naga. The other seven are movable Karanas. They follow one another in a fixed rotation: Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija and Vishti.Each of the Karanas is said to have its own influence and interpretation. ‘Vishti’ is considered the most inauspicious karana. No important or new work is done during the period of this karana.
Movable Karan Fixed Karan
Bava Sakuni
Balava Chatushpad
Kaulava Naag
Taitila Kintughna
Gara
Vanij
Vishti or Bhadra
Yoga
Whereas the Tithi and Karana were based on taking the distance from Sun to Moon, the Yoga in derived from adding up their positions. The formula is: Moon’s longitude+Sun’s longitude+80 From this sum, multiples of 360 should be substracted to get a degree in the 0-360 range. Then the nakshatra has to be determined. Each yoga corresponds to one of the nakshatras .A Yog is obtained from the sum of the Nirayna Longitude of the Moon and Sun and the sum is divided into 27 parts of 13°20′ each. The first yog ( Viskumbh) ends when the sum is 13°20′. Second Yog ( Priti) ends when it is 26°40′ and so on .
There are 27 yogas, given below :
1. Vishkumbha 2. Priti 3. Ayushman
4. Saubhagya 5. Shobhana 6. Atiganda
7. Sukarama 8. Dhriti 9. Shoola
10. Ganda 11. Vridhi 12. Dhruva
13. Vyaghata 14. Harshana 15. Vajra
16. Sidhi 17. Vyatipata 18. Vriyana
19. Paridhi 20. Shiva 21. Sidha
22. Sadhya 23. Shubha 24. Shukla
25. Brahma 26. Indra 27. Vaidhriti
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